Steganographic method encoding of geodata in the images of the earth's surface

This article presents the possibility of implementing geodata in images of the earth surface using the methods of steganography. The authors considered the steganographic modified method of Koch-Zhao and proposed a subband method that allows to put geodata in the image, introducing fewer distortion

About signals allowing to provide sustainability to impacts of short-term and or focused on spectrum interference

It is proposed to use basic functions in the work in the work to combat short-term interference in comparison with signal duration. One of the function fragments can be calculated from the others. In its turn, one should use basic functions in order to combat narrow-band interference, some fragments of the Fourier spectra of which can be calculated from the other

Generalized sub band analysis and signal synthesis

The present paper introduces the basics of building a theory forsubband analysis/signal synthesis for various classes, and using transformations based on any orthonormal basis with weight.This proposed approach is based on the concept of Euclidean signal norm square fraction in a given subband of the transformant definition domain. It is shown that the basis for mathematical apparatus of subband analysis is a new class of matrices, called subband ones. Some eigenvalue properties of these matrices are established, and the problem of optimal selection for additive signal components is formulated and solve

Decisive rule experimental studies to detect objects on the background of nhe earth surface using polarization differences of radar signals

The task of stationary and moving object detection against the background of the underlying surface (earth) by radar means becomes relevant. A decision rule is being developed to detect objects against the background of the earth surface using the polarization differences reflected from the earth and the objects of radar signals, represented as a measurement vecto

Calcium Transient and Quantal Release in Mouse Neuromuscular Junction Under Extracellular Calcium Concentration Change

© 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. In mouse neuromuscular junction, the amplitude of the presynaptic calcium (Ca2+) transient was measured and correlated with mediator release at different extracellular Ca2+ concentrations. Fluorescent calcium-sensitive dye Oregon Green 488 BAPTA 1 hexapotassium salt was used for Ca2+ transient registration. The quantal content of release was assessed by the amplitude of the endplate potentials (EPPs) and was measured using intracellular microelectrodes. The amplitude of the EPPs changed more significantly than the amplitude of the Ca2+ transient when the extracellular calcium concentration was changed. Linear approximation of the dependence of the quantal content on the amplitude of the Ca2+ transient on double logarithmic scale gave a slope showing that the biochemical cooperativity was 2.86. The obtained value is comparable with the data calculated earlier in the neuromuscular junction of the rat and other synapses using electrophysiological measurements. Our data suggest that the change of the Ca2+ transients recorded from the whole volume of the nerve terminal properly reflects the variation of calcium concentration responsible for the neurotransmitter release in active zone. Thus, analysis of the bulk Ca2+ transient can be used to evaluate the calcium entry into the nerve endings and compare it with the number of quanta released under different conditions

Subband analysis and synthesis of signals

Currently, a wide class of modern wireless telecommunications systems is based on the use of broadband signals. The problems of synthesis for their formation and processing algorithm are extremely important for such systems, especially under the conditions of various types of disturbances, which is impossible without scientifically based analysis of signal propertie

Loading a calcium dye into frog nerve endings through the nerve stump: Calcium transient registration in the frog neuromuscular junction

© 2017 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. One of the most feasible methods of measuring presynaptic calcium levels in presynaptic nerve terminals is optical recording. It is based on using calcium-sensitive fluorescent dyes that change their emission intensity or wavelength depending on the concentration of free calcium in the cell. There are several methods used to stain cells with calcium dyes. Most common are the processes of loading the dyes through a micropipette or pre-incubating with the acetoxymethyl ester forms of the dyes. However, these methods are not quite applicable to neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) due to methodological issues that arise. In this article, we present a method for loading a calcium-sensitive dye through the frog nerve stump of the frog nerve into the nerve endings. Since entry of external calcium into nerve terminals and the subsequent binding to the calcium dye occur within the millisecond time-scale, it is necessary to use a fast imaging system to record these interactions. Here, we describe a protocol for recording the calcium transient with a fast CCD camera

Calcium Transient Registration in Response to Single Stimulation and During Train of Pulses in Mouse Neuromuscular Junction

© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.Calcium (Ca2+) is a key ion involved in transmitter release in chemical synapses. Optical recording of fluorescence changes of Ca2+ indicators is one of the most frequently used methods to measure intracellular Ca2+ dynamics. This technique is based on use of Ca2+-binding fluorescent dyes which change their emission intensity after binding to Ca2+. The most crucial step in this type of experiments is loading of Ca2+ dye. In this paper, we present the method of Ca2+-sensitive dye loading to mammalian nerve endings through the stump of the nerve. We represent Ca2+ transient registered parameters in response to a single motor nerve stimulus. The study of Ca2+ dynamics during high frequency stimulation close to real pattern of synaptic transmission allows us to understand such fundamental process as synaptic plasticity. We describe the results obtained during the registration of Ca2+ transient caused by the rhythmic motor nerve stimulation. Intracellular level of Ca2+ estimated by the amplitude of Ca2+ transient rises with the increase of stimulation frequency. The amplitude of Ca2+ transient decreases after blocking of voltage dependent Ca2+ channels by cadmium. The obtained data showed that detected increase of fluorescence intensity is induced by Ca2+ influx through the voltage-gated Ca2+ channels to the nerve ending during an action potential. This dye-loading method is suitable for registration of presynaptic Ca2+ dynamics under both single nerve stimulus and rhythmic activity

Evaluation of noise immunity of high orbital satellite telecommunication systems with broadband noise-like sign

HIn with this regard article assesses the noise immunity of high-orbit satellite telecommunication systems with code division of addresses when using a number of broadband noise-like signals with linear frequency modulation as information carrier

Quick search and synchronization algorithm for wideband noise-like signals

In this regard, the article proposes the fast search and synchronization algorithm for high-orbit satellite telecommunication systems when they are used as the information carriers of broadband noise-like signals with linear frequency modulation. The developed algorithm is based on the consideration of development peculiarities for these signal